Citing Web Sources — APA Style

Reference List Examples

Web page on a university web site

Koskinen, S. (2007). Green design/sustainable architecture: Resources. Retrieved October 30, 2007, from the UC Berkeley Library's homepage: http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/ENVI/GreenAll.html

Web site of a private organization (date unknown)

Brenton Associates Inc. (n.d.). Landscape architecture – sustainable landscape design projects. Retrieved October 30, 2007, from http://www.brentonla.com/landscape_architecture_projects/sustainable_landscape_design_projects.htm

Article in an Internet-only newsletter

Black, S. (2001, April 19). LEED and the landscape architect. Landscape Northwest. Retrieved October 30, 2007, from http://www.djc.com/news/ae/11121028.html

Article in an Internet-only newsletter (individual author unknown)

American Society of Landscape Architects. (2006, January 23). Emory Knoll Farms on the edge of sustainability. LAND Online: Landscape Architecture News Digest. Retrieved October 30, 2007, from http://www.asla.org/land/012306/emoryknoll.html.

Article in an organizational blog (individual author unknown)

American Society of Landscape Architects. (2007, October 26). The green sox? Sports stadiums try for sustainability. The Dirt. Retrieved October 30, 2007, from http://www.asla.org/land/dirt/blog/index.cfm?reinit=1

Chapter or section in an Internet document (author and date unknown)

The concept of relative sustainability. (n.d.). In Landscape Planning. Retrieved October 30, 2007, from http://www.gardenvisit.com/landscape/LIH/landscape_planning/ sustainability.htm.

U.S. Government document available on a government agency web site

City of San Luis Obispo. (2007). General plan: City of San Luis Obispo. Retrieved October 30, 2007, from http://www.slocity.org/communitydevelopment/generalplan.asp.

Online article based on a print source (e.g. a pdf found through Google Scholar)

Cranz, G., & Boland, M. (2004). Defining the sustainable park: A fifth model for urban parks [Electronic version]. Landscape Journal, 23(2), 102-120.

Note:
For reproductions of articles originally published in print, including the database you retrieved the article from is optional. If you choose to include it, note that the database is NOT "Google Scholar." Rather, Google Scholar simply connects you to the scholarly database which actually contains this article. In the above case, the database is "IngentaConnect." So, you could optionally include at the end of the above citation "Retrieved October 30, 2007 from IngentaConnect." A URL is not needed.

In-Text Citations

APA format requires that you document your use of sources throughout your work using in-text citations. Some examples (from the APA manual) include:

Walker (2000) compared reaction times

In a recent study of reaction times (Walker, 2000)

It was found that reaction times "quotation here" (Walker, 2000, p. 320)

For electronic versions of print articles (e.g. in pdf format), you create in-text citations exactly as you would a print publication, since you have access to the page numbers. If you have the page numbers available to you, use them when quoting. For example:

Cranz and Boland argue that "a new urban park type that focuses on solutions to ecological problems…can build upon the traditional social genesis of urban parks in the United States to help improve the quality of life in American cities" (2004, p. 102).

For web sites, and html versions of journal articles, you will often not have page numbers available to you. Instead, quote the paragraph number. If you are quoting from a section that is near the end of the article and there are too many paragraphs to count, see if there is a section heading you can use to make the citation easier to find. Then count paragraphs from that heading. For example:

Calkins concludes that "the top priority to aid ecological design must be generation of detailed, unbiased research on economic and environmental costs, and performance over the entire life-cycle of strategies" (2005, Conclusion section, para. 3).

You can also use the paragraph symbol ¶ (in Microsoft Word, go to the "Insert" menu and choose "Symbol...," then select the paragraph symbol from the list). For example:

(2005, Conclusion section, ¶ 3)